Karakterizacija i pročišćavanje sirovog glicerola nakon transesterifikacije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Characterisation and purification of crude glycerol after transesterification
• Author: Antonela Šipek
• Mentor: Ana Petračić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Petračić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Katarina Mužina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Transesterifikacija ili reakcija nastajanja biodizela je proces u kojem trigliceridi iz ulja ili masti reagiraju s metanolom ili etanolom uz dodatak katalizatora i tvore biodizel kao glavni produkt. Kao nusprodukt transesterifikacije dobiva se sirovi glicerol koji se sastoji od mnogih nečistoća te se tretira kao otpad. Iz navedenog razloga ekonomska konkurentnost biodizela, kao i glicerola opada. Kako bi biodizel dobio prednost nad tradicionalnim dizelom potrebno je povisiti globalnu vrijednost biodizela. Cilj ovog rada je ispitati može li se ekstrakcijom pomoću niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala pročistiti glicerol na jednostavan i povoljan način. Pripremljeni su uzorci sirovog glicerola transesterifikacijom otpadnog ulja kave i suncokretovog ulja. Provedena je fizikalna karakterizacija te ispitivanje mješljivosti sirovog glicerola s različitim eutektičkim otapalima i pokazalo se kako su eutektička otapala neprikladna za proces ekstrakcije nečistoća iz sirovog glicerola jer dolazi do potpunog miješanja otapala i sirovog glicerola. Glicerol je u konačnici uspješno pročišćen komercijalnom metodom koja uključuje neutralizaciju, acidifikaciju, isparavanje, ekstrakciju te mikrofiltraciju.

Abstract (english)

Transesterification or the biodiesel formation reaction is a process in which triglycerides form vegetable oils or fats react with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst, resulting in biodiesel as the main product. As a byproduct of transesterification, crude glycerol is obtained, which contains many impurities and is treated as waste. Due to these reasons, the economic competitiveness of biodiesel, as well as glycerol, decreases.To give biodiesel an advantage over traditional diesel, it is necessary to increase the global value of biodiesel. The aim of this study is to investigate whether extraction using deep eutectic solvents can purify glycerol in a simple and affordable way. Samples of crude glycerol were prepared by transesterification of waste coffee oil and sunflower oil. Physical characterization and miscibility testing of crude glycerol with different eutectic solvents was carried out and it was shown that eutectic solvents are unsuitable for the process of extraction of impurities from crude glycerol because a complete mixing of solvents and crude glycerol occurs. Glycerol was ultimately successfully purified by a commercial method that includes neutralization, acidification, evaporation, extraction and microfiltration.

• Keywords: transesterifikacija; biodizel; sirovi glicerol; pročišćavanje; niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala
• Keywords (english): transesterification; biodiesel; crude glycerol; purification; deep eutectic solvent
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:446134
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-19 13:45:57