Svojstva i primjena fluoriranih elastomera

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Properties and application of fluoroelastomers
• Author: Karla Majkić
• Mentor: Ljerka Kratofil Krehula (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljerka Kratofil Krehula (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Emi Govorčin Bajsić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Fluorirani elastomeri sintetski su polimeri koji se ubrajaju u M klasu guma, tj. u gume u kojima je polimetilenski lanac zasićen. Najpoznatiji tip ovih guma fluorougljikova je guma FKM pod komercijalnim nazivom Viton. Mogu biti građene od četiri različita monomera: viniliden-fluorida (VF2), heksafluorpropilena (HFP), tetrafluoretilena (TFE) i perfluorometilviniletera (PMVE). Postoji više vrsta FKM-a ovisno o udjelu fluora, a što je njegov udio u gumi veći, veća je otpornost prema kemikalijama. Proces kojim se proizvode fluorirani elastomeri radikalska je polimerizacija u emulziji, a standardni postupci koji se koriste prilikom oblikovanja su prešanje, injekcijsko oblikovanje, ekstrudiranje i kalandriranje. Fluorirani elastomeri izrazito su stabilni pri visokim temperaturama, otporni su na plamen, starenje, ozon i oksidacijska sredstva. Posjeduju odlična mehanička svojstva koja, uz njihove ostale izvanredne karakteristike, pridonose širokoj primjeni ovih materijala. Koriste se u automobilskoj, zrakoplovnoj, kemijskoj, prehrambenoj, farmaceutskoj te naftnoj i plinskoj industriji. Njihova je glavna upotreba u proizvodnji brtvi koje mogu biti O-prstenovi, V-prstenovi, ravne ili rezane te rotacijske ili klipne brtve. Primjenjuju se i za cijevi kroz koje prolazi vruća voda, vrući zrak, u oblaganju kabela te za izolaciju. Glavni proizvođač proizvoda napravljenih od fluoriranih elastomera je DuPont.

Abstract (english)

Fluoroelastomers are synthetic polymers that belong to the M class of rubbers, specifically to the rubbers where the polymethylene chain is saturated. The most well-known type of these rubbers is the fluorocarbon rubber FKM under the commercial name Viton. They can be composed of four different monomers: vinylidene fluoride (VF2), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE). There are various types of FKM depending on the fluorine content: with the higher fluorine content in the rubber, the resistance to chemicals is better. The process used to produce fluoroelastomers is radical polymerization in emulsion, and the standard methods used during shaping are pressing, injection molding, extrusion and calendering. Fluoroelastomers are extremely stable at high temperatures, resistant to flame, aging, ozone and oxidizing agents. They possess excellent mechanical properties, which, along with their other remarkable characteristics, contribute to the wide application of these materials. They are used in the automotive, aerospace, chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry as well as in the oil and gas industries. Their main use is in the production of seals, which can be O-rings, V-rings, flat or cut and rotary or piston seals. They are also used for pipes through which hot water and hot air passes, in cable insulation and for the other insulation purposes. The main manufacturer of the products made from fluoroelastomers is DuPont.

• Keywords: fluorirani elastomeri; FKM; Viton; vulkanizacija; otpornost na degradaciju
• Keywords (english): fluoroelastomers; FKM; Viton; vulcanization; resistance to degradation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:120081
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-17 12:19:47