Title Koncept zgrade približno nulte energije Title (english) Concept of nearly zero-energy building Author Bruna Babić Mentor Zvonimir Glasnović (mentor)Committee member Zvonimir Glasnović (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Juraj Šipušić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Igor Sutlović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2016-07-06, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract S ciljem poboljšavanja energetske učinkovitosti zgrada u Uniji donesena je Direktiva o energetskoj učinkovitosti zgrada prema kojoj je zgrada približno nulte energije zgrada koja ima vrlo visoku energetsku učinkovitost i ta približno nulta odnosno vrlo niska količina energije trebala bi se u značajnoj mjeri pokrivati energijom iz obnovljivih izvora. Cilj ovoga rada je analizirati definiciju za zgrade približno nulte energije, okvir za izračun energije i karakteristike zgrade približno nulte energije u skladu s Direktivom o energetskoj učinkovitosti zgrada kako bi se smanjila potrošnja i ovisnost o neobnovljivim izvorima energije. Zgrade približno nulte energije opisane u radu su povezane s mrežom električne energije, a koncept definicije takvih zgrada temelji se na ravnoteži između električne energije uzete iz mreže i vraćene u energetsku mrežu u određenom vremenskom razdoblju. Fotonaponski sustavi, solarni kolektori, toplinske pumpe, peći na biomasu, područno grijanje i klimatizacija samo su neke od tehnologija i obnovljivih izvora energije koji omogućuju približno nultu potrošnju. Osim dobivanja energije iz obnovljivih izvora koji djelomično pokrivaju potrebnu količinu za funkcioniranje zgrade, potrebno je i provođenje mjera za povećavanje energetske učinkovitosti koje utječu na potrošnju energije u zgradama, a mjere se odnose na ovojnicu zgrade (toplinska izolacija, toplinska masa, prozori, reflektirajući krovovi), unutarnje uvjete i instalacije zgrade (električna rasvjeta, grijanje, ventilacija i klimatizacija). Usporedbom zgrada iz zemalja članica Europske unije vidljiva je razlika u ambiciji prilikom postavljanja definicije zgrade približno nulte energije. Postignuti rezultati pokazuju da energetske učinkovite mjere na ovojnici zgrade nisu dovoljne za postizanje približno nulte potrošnje, te da je nužno povećavanje udjela obnovljive energije kako bi se ostvario zadani cilj. Cilj zgrade približno nulte energije je postizanje visoke razine toplinske ugodnosti, smanjivanje ukupne potrošnje energije i emisija stakleničkih plinova, povećavanje učinkovitosti rasvjete, grijanja, hlađenja, prozračivanja i elektroinstalacija. Direktiva zahtjeva da do kraja 2018. godine nove zgrade u kojima su smještena tijela javne vlasti ili su u njihovom vlasništvu budu zgrade približno nulte energije, a od kraja 2020. godine da sve nove zgrade budu približno nulte energije [1].
Abstract (english) With a view to improving energy efficiency of buildings in the European Union the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive was adopted, according to which the ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources. This thesis explores the definition of nearly zero-energy buildings, framework for the calculation of energy performance of buildings and characteristics of nearly zero-energy buildings in accordance with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in order to reduce energy consumption and reliance on energy from non-renewable sources. Nearly zero-energy buildings described in this thesis are connected to the grid, while the definition of such buildings is based on the balance between the energy taken from the grid and the energy supplied to the grid in a certain period. Photovoltaic systems, solar collectors, ground source heat pumps, biomass stoves, district heating and air conditioning are just some of the technologies and renewable energy sources that ensure nearly zero energy consumption. In addition to obtaining energy from renewable sources that partially cover the necessary amount for the operation of the building, it is necessary to implement measures to increase energy efficiency that affect energy consumption in buildings, and measures relating to the building envelope (insulation, thermal mass, windows, reflective roofs), the internal conditions and the installation of the building (electric lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning). A comparison of buildings across the EU members has shown that there is a noticeable difference in ambition when it comes to setting up the definition of nearly zero-energy buildings. The results obtained show that energy efficiency measures in the building envelope are not sufficient to achieve nearly zero energy consumption, and that it is necessary to increase the share of energy from renewable sources in order to achieve the set goal. The goal of nearly zero-energy buildings is to achieve a high level of thermal comfort, reducing overall energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the efficiency of lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation and electrical installation. According to the Directive, all new public buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings by the end of 2018, and all new buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings by the end of 2020 [1].
Keywords
energetska učinkovitost
zgrada približno nulte energije
obnovljivi izvori energije
Keywords (english)
energy efficiency
nearly zero-energy building
renewable energy sources
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:708547 Study programme Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2017-12-04 12:38:00
