Određivanje toksičnosti azitromicina nakon naprednih oksidacijskih procesa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Determination of azithromycin toxicity after advanced oxidation processes
• Author: Klara Perović
• Mentor: Danijela Ašperger (mentor)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lončarić Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-06-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Environmental Protection in Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Azitromicin (AZM) je makrolidni antibiotik širokog spektra djelovanja čije je prisustvo detektirano u vodnom okolišu. Pripada skupini „novih onečišćujućih tvari“ te se vrlo teško uklanja konvencionalnim metodama obrade otpadnih voda. Iako su farmaceutici u okolišu općenito prisutni u niskim koncentracijama, njihovo dugoročno ispuštanje može ostaviti neizbrisive posljedice na sve okolišne sastavnice, ali i na ljudsko zdravlje. Kako bi se spriječio njihov ulazak u okoliš, potreban je razvoj i primjena novih i učinkovitih metoda koje će u kombinaciji s konvencionalnim metodama obrade uspjeti učinkovito ukloniti navedene tvari. Jedna od metoda koja se pokazala učinkovitom pri uklanjanju farmaceutika jesu napredni oksidacijski procesi. Cilj ovog rada bilo je odrediti toksičnost vodene otopine azitromicina početne masene koncentracije od 10 mg/L nakon provođenja dvije vrste naprednih oksidacijskih procesa, direktne UV-fotolize i fotokatalize s TiO2 uz primjenu UV-A i UV-C zračenja. Procjena toksičnosti provedena je korištenjem bioluminiscentne metode za određivanje akutne toksičnosti s bakterijama Vibrio fischeri. Osim navedenog, pomoću tekućinske tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti s tandemskom spektrometrijom masa detektirani su i identificirani nastali razgradni produkti ispitivanog spoja nakon tretiranja naprednim oksidacijskim postupcima. Određivanje toksičnosti je u ovom slučaju od ključne važnosti budući da nastali razgradni produkti mogu biti toksičniji od polaznih tvari. Ispitivanjima se pokazalo kako nitijedna od ispitivanih otopina azitromicina nakon primjene naprednih oksidacijskih procesa nije toksična, bez obzira na prisutnost nastalih razgradnih produkata. Nastajanje razgradnih produkata zabilježeno je tijekom provođenja procesa fotokatalize s TiO2 pri valnoj duljini zračenja od 254 nm.

Abstract (english)

Azithromycin (AZ) is a wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotic which presence is detected in the aquatic environment. It belongs to the group of „new emerging contamintants“ and it is very difficult removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods. Even though pharmaceuticals are generally present in the environment in low concentrations, their long-term discharge can leave irreversible consequences on all environmental constituents and also on human health. In order to prevent their entry into the environment, development and application of new and effective methods will be required and which, in combination with conventional treatment methods, will be effective in removing these substances. One of the methods that has proved effective in removal of pharmaceuticals are advanced oxidation processes. The aim of this paper was to determine the toxicity of aqueous azithromycin solution with initial mass concentration of 10 mg/L after performing two types of advanced oxidation processes, direct UV photolysis and photocatalysis with TiO2 by using UV-A and UV-C radiation. The toxicity determination was performed by using a bioluminescent method for the determination of acute toxicity with Vibrio fischeri bacteria. Also, by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, degradation products were detected and identified after the treatment with advanced oxidation processes. In this case, toxicity determination is of crucial importance since the established degradation products may be more toxic than the starting substances. Studies have shown that none of the tested solutions of azithromycin after the application of advanced oxidation processes is toxic, regardless of the presence of formed degradation products. The formation of degradation products was recorded during the photolytic process with TiO2 at a wavelength of radiation of 254 nm.

• Keywords: azitromicin; farmaceutici; napredni oksidacijski procesi; direktna UV-fotoliza; fotokataliza s TiO2; toksičnost; razgradni produkti
• Keywords (english): azithromycin; pharmaceuticals; advanced oxidation processes; direct UV photolysis; photocatalysis with TiO2; toxicity; degradation products
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:778545
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-05-07 12:51:04