Hidrolitička i fotolitička razgradnja hidroksiklorokina u okolišu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Hydrolytic and photolytic degradation of hydroxychloroquine in the environment
• Author: Ines Topalović
• Mentor: Sandra Babić (mentor)
• Committee member: Sandra Babić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Irena Škorić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirta Čizmić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry; Analytic Chemistry

Abstract

Proizvodnja i potrošnja farmaceutika raste, a zbog toga je i njihova koncentracija u okolišu sve veća. Pod utjecajem različitih čimbenika iz okoliša te ovisno o fizikalno-kemijskim svojstvima samih farmaceutika, dolazi do njihove razgradnje pri čemu mogu nastati toksični produkti. Stoga je veoma bitno promatrati razgradnju farmaceutika u okolišu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je proučiti hidrolitičku i fotolitičku razgradnju hidroksiklorokina koje pripadaju abiotičkim procesima. Tijek hidrolitičke i fotolitičke razgradnje praćen je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti vezanoj s detektorom s nizom dioda (HPLC-DAD). Hidrolitička razgradnja hidroksiklorokina istražena je u ultračistoj vodi pri tri različite pH-vrijednosti (4, 7 i 9) te je uočeno da hidroksiklorokin ne hidrolizira. Fotolitička razgradnja ispitana je u ultračistoj i izvorskoj vodi te je uočeno da je razgradnja brža u izvorskoj vodi. Osim toga, praćen je i utjecaj pH-vrijednosti na fotolitičku razgradnju i to na dva načina, u puferskim otopinama koje se opiru promjeni pH-vrijednosti i s pH-vrijednostima podešenim napočetku eksperimenta (4, 7, 9 i 10) jer prilikom razgradnje dolazi do promjene pH-vrijednosti. Uočeno je da povišenjem pH-vrijednosti, raste brzina fotolitičke razgradnje, odnosno da se smanjuje vrijeme poluraspada. Također, uočeno je da razgradnjom hidroksiklorokina nastaju dva razgradna produkta.

Abstract (english)

Production and consumption of pharmaceuticals increase and because of that their concentration in the environment is also getting bigger. Under the influence of different environmental factors and depending on physico-chemical properties of pharamceuticals; pharmaceuticals degrade. Toxic products can arise during degradation of pharmaceuticals so it is very important to examine their degradation. The aim of this work was to examine abiotic processes, hydrolytic and photolytic degradation, of hydroxychloroquine. The rate of hydrolytic and photolytic degradation was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Hydrolytic degradation of hydroxychloroquine was performed in ultra-pure water at three pH-values (4, 7 and 9) and it was noticed that hydroxychloroquine did not hydrolyze. Photolytic degradation was performed in ultra-pure and spring water and it was noticed that degradation was faster in spring water. Furthermore, the impact of pH-values on photolytic degradation was monitored in two ways: (i) in buffer solutions that resist change of pH-values and (ii) in solutions with a preset pH-values (4, 7, 9 and 10) because during degradation pH-values change. By increasing the pH-value, the rate of degradation was increased and half-life time decreased. During degradation of hydroxychloroquine, formation of two degradation products were observed.

• Keywords: farmaceutici; hidroksiklorokin; hidrolitička razgradnja; fotolitička razgradnja; tekućinska kromatografija visoke djelotvornosti; vrijeme poluraspada; razgradni produkti
• Keywords (english): pharmaceuticals; hydroxychloroquine; hydrolytic degradation; photolytic degradation; high performance liquid chromatography; half-life; degradation products
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:388870
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-01-05 12:26:55