Razgradnja biomaterijala u okolišu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Degradation of biomaterials in environment
• Author: Amadea Badurina-Petričević
• Mentor: Dajana Kučić Grgić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Polimeri su tvari nastale međusobnim povezivanjem malih molekulskih jedinki tj. monomera, koje se određenim pravilom ponavljaju i čine velike molekule - makromolekule. Polimeri se proizvode od sirovina dobivenih iz naftnih, neobnovljivih izvora ili bioloških, obnovljivih izvora. Polimerni materijali široko se primjenjuju, velik dio njih nije biorazgradiv i nagomilava se u okolišu što predstavlja veliki problem današnjice. Danas se ulažu veliki napori u pronalaženje polimernih materijala koji se, nakon uporabe, u kontroliranim uvjetima mogu razgraditi kroz nekoliko tjedana, a produkti razgradnje nisu štetni za okoliš. Biorazgradljivi materijali su ekološki prihvatljiva alternativa za konvencionalne polimerne materijale koji nisu biorazgradljivi. Biorazgradljivi polimerni materijali nalaze široku primjenu u različitim djelatnostima, poljoprivredi, farmaciji, medicini, a često se koriste i kao ambalažni materijali. Biorazgradljivi polimerni materijali mogu se podijeliti s obzirom na kemijski sastav, podrijetlo i način dobivanja, metodu prerade, ekonomsku važnost, primjenu itd., a okarakterizirani su svojim fizikalnim, mehaničkim i kemijskim svojstvima. Biorazgradljivi materijali mogu se razgraditi primjenom fizikalnih, kemijskih i mikrobioloških procesa. U današnje vrijeme sve češće se primjenjuje razgradnja biorazgradljivih polimernih materijala procesom kompostiranja, koji je ekonomski i ekološki prihvatljiv proces. U ovom radu daje se literaturni pregled vezan uz biorazgradljive polimerne materijale kao i mogućnosti njihove obrade.

Abstract (english)

Polymers are substances formed by the interconnection of small molecular units, ie monomers, which, by a certain rule, repeat and form large molecules - macromolecules. Polymers are produced from raw materials obtained from petroleum, non-renewable sources or biological, renewable sources. Polymeric materials are widely used, many of them are not biodegradable and they accumulate in the environment, which is a major problem nowadays. Today, great efforts are being made to find polymeric materials that, after use, can be degraded in a few weeks under controlled conditions, and the degradation products are not harmful to the environment. Biodegradable materials are an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional non biodegradable polymeric materials. Biodegradable polymeric materials are widely used in various industries such as agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, and are often used as packaging materials. Biodegradable polymeric materials can be divided according to chemical composition, origin and method of production, processing method, economic importance, application, etc., and they are characterized by their physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Biodegradable materials can be degraded using physical, chemical and microbiological processes. Nowadays, the decomposition of biodegradable polymeric materials by composting process which is an economically and environmentally acceptable process, is widely used. This paper will give a literature overview related to biodegradable polymeric materials as well as the possibilities of their treatment.

• Keywords: biorazgradljivi polimerni materijali; biorazgradnja; mikroorganizmi; kompostiranje
• Keywords (english): biodegradable polymers materials; biodegradation; microorganisms; composting process
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:076762
• Project: Number: IP-2019-04-9661; Title: Primjena naprednih tehnologija obrade voda za uklanjanje mikroplastike; Title: Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for Microplastics Removal; Acronym: AdWaTMiR; Leader: Tomislav Bolanča; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-05-02 09:44:56