Termodinamički aspekti procesa ukapljivanja i ponovnog uplinjavanja zemnog plina na LNG terminalu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Thermodynamic aspects of natural gas liquefaction and regasification processes at the LNG terminal
• Author: Filip Mikulić
• Mentor: Veljko Filipan (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Movre Šapić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Veljko Filipan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences

Abstract

Zemni plin, poznatiji pod nazivom prirodni plin, plinska je smjesa ugljikovodika koja se pretežito sastoji od metana (CH4) s manjim udjelima etana (C2H6), propana (C3H8) i viših ugljikovodika. Često u svojem sastavu posjeduje i male količine ugljikovog dioksida (CO2), dušika (N2), vode (H2O) i sumporovodika (H2S), a ponekad i helij (He). Zemni plin je plin bez boje i mirisa, zapaljiv je i netoksičan te se svrstava u primarne oblike energije. Također je i konvencionalan neobnovljiv energent koji nastaje raspadom slojeva organske tvari unutar stijena pri određenim dubinama Zemljine kore u anaerobnim uvjetima što rezultira porastom tlaka i temperature te iste. Ovaj proces nije brz te se odvija milijunima godina. Energija koju su raspadnuti organizmi dobili od Sunca putem procesa fotosinteze pohranjuje se kao kemijska energija unutar molekula metana i drugih ugljikovodika čiji se potencijal iskorištava u druge svrhe. Kako bi zemni plin imao komercijalnu primjenu, on se mora podvrgnuti raznim procesima: od izvlačenja iz nalazišta, rafinerijske obrade i pročišćavanja pa do ukapljivanja, skladištenja, ponovnog uplinjavanja te transporta do potrošača. U ovom radu biti će dan kratak pregled sustava transporta prirodnog plina od nalazišta do potrošača. Također će se opisati i objasniti pojedini procesi ukapljivanja i ponovnog uplinjavanja prirodnog plina na LNG terminalima te će se usporediti procesi koji su danas najčešći u primjeni. Prikazat će se i analizirati pojedini podaci koji će upućivati na mogućnosti poboljšanja ovih procesa s ciljem povećanja ukupne energetske učinkovitosti. U nastavku rada će se za „zemni plin“ koristiti pojam „prirodni plin“ koji će posjedovati kraticu „PP“. Razlog tomu je što je naziv „prirodni plin“ češće primjenjivan u svakidašnjici.

Abstract (english)

Natural gas is a gas mixture of hydrocarbons that mainly consists of methane (CH4) with smaller proportions of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and higher hydrocarbons. It often contains small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), water (H2O) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sometimes helium (He). Natural gas is a colourless and odourless gas, it is flammable and non-toxic, and it is classified as a primary form of energy. It is also a conventional non-renewable energy source that is created by the breakdown of layers of organic matter inside rocks at certain depths of the Earth's crust in anaerobic conditions, which results in an increase in pressure and temperature of the Earth's crust. This process is not fast and takes place over millions of years. The energy that decomposed organisms received from the Sun through the process of photosynthesis is stored as chemical energy within the molecules of methane and other hydrocarbons, the potential of which is used for other purposes. In order for natural gas to be used commercially, it must undergo various processes: from extraction from deposits, refinery processing and purification to liquefaction, storage, regasification and transport to consumers. In this paper, a brief overview of the natural gas transportation system from the gas field to the consumer will be given. It will also describe and explain individual processes of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas at LNG terminals, and compare the processes that are most commonly used today. Some data will be presented and analysed that will point to the possibilities of improving these processes with the aim of increasing overall energy efficiency.

• Keywords: zemni plin; energent; LNG terminal; ukapljivanje; uplinjavanje
• Keywords (english): natural gas; energy source; LNG terminal; liquefaction; regasification
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:312894
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-14 10:31:48