Title Organska onečišćenja unutarnjeg zraka Title (english) Organic pollutants in indoor air Author Mirna Labrović Mentor Vesna Tomašić (mentor)Mentor Ivana Jakovljević (komentor)Committee member Vesna Tomašić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Filip Car (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ivana Jakovljević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2024-09-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract U ovom radu naglasak je bio na analizi onečišćenja zraka u zatvorenim prostorima. Onečišćujuće tvari u zatvorenim prostorima mogu potjecati od uobičajenih predmeta koji se nalaze u kućanstvima, kao što su namještaj, tepih, sredstva za čišćenje, uređaji za kuhanje i drugi. Onečišćenje unutrašnjeg zraka može biti puno izraženije od onečišćenja vanjskog zraka. Dozvoljene koncentracije onečišćujućih tvari vanjskog zraka propisane su zakonima i direktivama, međutim kvaliteta unutrašnjeg zraka nije regulirana. U ovom radu određene su koncentracije PM1 frakcije lebdećih čestica (čestice aerodinamičkog promjera 1 μm ili manje) te sadržaj policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika (PAH) u PM1 frakciji. Uzorkovanje je provedeno u kućanstvima na području Zagreba i okolice. Za čestice PM1 Direktivom o kvaliteti zraka i čišćem zraku za Europu (EU, 2008) nisu propisane granične vrijednosti, iako mogu biti opasnije po ljudsko zdravlje od čestica PM2,5 i PM10 jer se mogu lakše distribuirati po tijelu zbog svojih dimenzija. Najviša masena koncentracija PM1 frakcija čestica, kao i najviša masena koncentracija svih PAH-ova izmjerena je u uzorku uzorkovanom u kućanstvu na području naselja Trstenik. Osim Trstenika povećana koncentracija PM1 i PAH-ova izmjerena je u kućanstvu u Sigetu i Jarunu. Uočene su značajne prostorne razlike što ukazuje na nužnost daljnjih istraživanja koje će uzeti u obzir brojne čimbenike kao što su kvaliteta vanjskog zraka, fizičke karakteristike kućanstva i same navike ukućana. Dominantni PAH-ovi na gotovo svim mjernim mjestima su benzo[b]fluoranten (BbF), benzo[a]piren (BaP), benzo[ghi]perilen (BghiP) i indeno[1,2,3-cd]piren (IP). Na temelju specifičnih omjera pojedinačnih PAH-ova izvedeni su zaključci o potencijalnim izvorima onečišćenja (fosilna goriva, sagorijevanje ugljena). Utvrđen je veći doprinos PAH-ova s većim brojem prstenova u odnosu PAH-ove s 2 ili 3 prstena. Izračunati mutageni ekvivalent za detektirane PAH-ove u uzorcima iznosio je 0,439 ng/m^3, dok je karcinogeni ekvivalent iznosio 0,313 ng/m^3. Dobiveni rezultati potvrdili su prikladnost BaP-a kao markera mutagenog i kancerogenog potencijala različitih PAH-ova u zraku. Razine za dobivene ekvivalente su bile niske, stoga nisu ukazivale na lošu kvalitetu unutarnjeg zraka s obzirom na PAH-ove.
Abstract (english) The focus of this work was on the analysis of indoor air pollution. Indoor pollutants can come from typical household items such as furniture, carpets, cleaning products, cooking appliances and much more. Indoor air pollution can be much worse than outdoor air. While the concentrations of pollutants in outdoor air are regulated by laws and directives, there are no regulations for indoor air quality. The concentrations of the PM1 fraction (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm or less) of particulate matter and the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the PM1 fraction were determined, and sampling was carried out in households in the Zagreb area and its surroundings. The Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe Directive (EU, 2008) does not set limit values for PM1, although they can be more dangerous to human health than PM2.5 and PM10 particles because their size makes them easier to disperse in the body. The highest mass concentration of PM1 particle fractions and the highest mass concentration of all PAHs were measured in the sample taken from a household in the Trstenik. In addition to Trstenik, elevated concentrations of PM1 and PAHs were also measured in households in Siget and Jarun. Significant spatial differences were observed, which indicates the necessity of further research that will take into account numerous factors such as the quality of the outdoor air, the physical characteristics of the household and the habits of the householders themselves. The dominant PAHs at almost all measurement sites are benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP ). Based on the specific ratios of the individual PAHs, conclusions were drawn about possible sources of pollution (fossil fuels, coal combustion). A greater contribution was found from PAHs with a larger number of rings than from PAHs with 2 or 3 rings. The calculated mutagenic equivalent for the PAHs detected in the samples was 0.439 ng/m^3, while the carcinogenic equivalent was 0.313 ng/m^3.
The results obtained confirm the suitability of BaP as a marker for the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of various PAHs in the air. The values determined for the equivalents were low and therefore not indicative of poor indoor air quality in view of PAHs.
Keywords
lebdeće čestice
unutrašnje onečišćenje
organska onečišćenja
PM1
Keywords (english)
particulate matter
indoor pollution
organic pollution
PM1
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:777108 Project Number: 101057497 Study programme Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-11-11 11:58:53
