Utjecaj kemijske obrade drvene vune na zapaljivost drvo-cementnog kompozita

master's thesis

• Title (english): Influence of chemical treatment of wood wool on wood-cement composite flammability
• Author: Valentina Dragčević
• Mentor: Juraj Šipušić (mentor)
• Committee member: Juraj Šipušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirela Leskovac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Macan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Chemical Engineering in Material Development

Abstract

Drvo i cement materijali su koji prednjače svojom upotrebom kao građevinski materijali. Oba materijala poznata su od davnina. Spoje li se ta dva materijala u kompozit, dobiva se novi materijal, manje mase zbog relativno niske gustoće, ali jako dobrih mehaničkih i izolacijskih svojstava. Drvo je materijal visoke kalorijske vrijednosti, ali i s velikim potencijalom zapaljivosti, gorenja i stvaranja požara. Kako bi se i dalje mogao primjenjivati kao građevni materijal, potrebno ga je zaštititi kako bi se požarna svojstva mogla lakše kontrolirati, ali i minimalizirati. Drvo se može zaštititi različitim usporivačima gorenja, koje najčešće čine anorganske soli. Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je pomoću nekog kemijskog spoja zaštititi drvo tako da taj spoj čini film koji bi otežao pristup kisika samom drvetu, a bez kisika gorenje nije moguće. Tako je kao usporivač gorenja drveta korišten aluminijev fosfat, dobiven iz otopine aluminijev sulfata-18-hidrata u koncentracijama od 20, 10 i 5 % i 9 %-tne otopine di-amonijevog hidrogen fosfata. Kako bi se formirao sloj aluminijevog fosfata na drvetu, uzorci drvene vune duljine 10 cm umakani su u otopinu aluminijevog sulfata-18-hidrata i nakon toga kapani otopinom amonijevog hidrogen fosfata i nakon toga sušeni. Postupci su ponavljani u jednom ili dva ciklusa. Jedan ciklus trajao je približno 5 minuta. Najbolje rezultate dali su uzorci koji su tretirani 5 %-tnom otopinom u dva ciklusa. Ispitivanja gorivosti provedena su u aparaturi prilagođenoj uzorcima drvene vune i laboratorijskim uvjetima. Prilikom ispitivanja korišteni su termoparovi za mjerenje temperatura koje se postižu prilikom gorenja. Uzorci su vagani prije i nakon gorenja te analizirani optičkim, stereo i SEM mikroskopima. U kalorimetru je provedeno ispitavanje utjecaja aluminijevog fosfata na proces hidratacije cementa. Provedena je i FTIR analiza pojedinih uzoraka kako bi se utvrdilo koji se kemijski spojevi nalaze na tretiranim uzorcima drvene vune.

Abstract (english)

Wood and cement are widely used building materials. Both are known since ancient times. Relatively new type of building material is wood-cement composite. This new material has lower density andvery good mechanical and isolation properties. Wood is material with very high calorific value and it has great flammability potential, it easy burns and makes fire. To keep using it as building material, wood needs to be protected so that fire properties could easily be controlled and minimized. Wood can be protected with different fire retardants that are mostly inorganic salts. Main aim of this investigation was to protect wood with thin layer of certain chemical compound that increases resistanace to oxygen diffusion and cesases fire spread. As fire retardant was used aluminium phosphate that was obtained by precipitation of solution of aluminium sulfate-18-hydrate, in concentrations of 20, 10 and 5 % and 9 % solution of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate. In order to make protective layer of aluminium phosphate on wood, wood wool samples weredipped in solution of aluminium sulfate-18-hydrate and then sprayed with di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution and dried. Treatment was repeated in one or two cycles. One cycle lasted for nearly 5 minutes. The best results gave samples that were treated with 5 % solution of aluminium sulfate-18-hydrate, and treated in two cycles. Examination of burning was made in aparatus that is suited for wood wool samples and laboratory conditions. Temperatures achieved during trial buring were measured byK-type themocouples. Samples were weighted before and after burning and analyzed with optical, stereo and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Influence of aluminium phosphate on cement hydrationwas testedin laboratory calorimeter. FTIR analysis was also made on some samples to determine chemical compound on treated wood wool samples.

• Keywords: drvo; cement; drvo-cement kompozit; gorenje; usporivači gorenja; aluminijev fosfat
• Keywords (english): wood; cement; wood-cement composite; burning; fire retardant; aluminium phosphate
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:125037
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-07-23 11:10:24