Priprava polimernih sorbensa s otiskom za ekstrakciju azo-bojila iz dieselskog goriva

master's thesis

• Title (english): Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of azo-dyes from diesel fuel
• Author: Antonija Glavač
• Mentor: Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović (mentor)
• Committee member: Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirela Leskovac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordana Matijašić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry; Analytic Chemistry

Abstract

Prijevare vezane uz gorivo predstavljaju veliki problem na svjetskoj razini. Svaka država primjenjuje različitu razinu poreza na gorivo, ovisno o njegovoj upotrebi, a zlouporaba goriva dovodi do milijunskih gubitaka u državnom proračunu. Kako bi se spriječila ilegalna praksa „pranja“ goriva, ona se označavaju prikladnim markerom i bojilom. Najčešće upotrebljavani marker za goriva je Solvent Yellow 124, žuta monoazo boja koja u gorivu nije vidljiva golim okom. Za razliku od markera, bojilo se dodaje kako bi dobili vidljivo obojenje goriva. Obojenje dieselskog goriva uzrokuje Solvent Blue 35, a loživog ulja Solvent Red 19. Upravo je dieselsko gorivo ono čija je primjena najviše u zlouporabi. Plavi diesel koristi se u poljoprivredi i ribarstvu i kao takav nije opterećen porezom. Za razliku od plavog diesela, na diesel koji se koristi za pogon automobila plaća se porez te je on skuplji za 3 kn/L. Za uklanjanje obojenja i markera iz goriva koriste se različite metode nakon čega se ono korisnicima ilegalno prodaje po višoj cijeni. Prisutnost markera i bojila u „pranom“ gorivu je teško odrediti zbog njihove vrlo niske koncentracije. Kako bi se što lakše, točnije i preciznije odredila njihova prisutnost u „pranom“ gorivu pripremljeni su polimeri s otiskom (MIP) bojila, u svrhu povećanja selektivnosti ekstrakcije i kvantifikacije bojila u gorivu. Za karakterizaciju polimera korištene su razne metode poput infracrvene spektrometrije s Fourierovim transformacijama (FTIR), pretražne elektronske mikroskopije (SEM), adsorpcijsko-desorpcijske porozimetrije uz primjenu BET modela za analizu površine, metode toplinske analize (DTA/TGA) te analize oslobođenih plinova sa spektrometrijom masa (EGA-MS). Učinkovitost pripremljenih MIP-ova ispitana je na modelnim uzorcima plavog diesela i loživog ulja i uspoređena sa učinkovitošću ekstrakcije na komercijalnim kolonama. Postavljen je temelj za daljnju nadogradnju i poboljšanje polimera s otiskom bojila za detekciju njihovih izrazito niskih koncentracija u „pranom“ gorivu.

Abstract (english)

Fuel related frauds pose a major problem at the global level. Each country applies a different level of fuel tax depending on its use, and fuel misuse leads to millions of losses in the state budget. To prevent the illegal fuel "laundering", they are labeled with a suitable marker and dye. The most commonly used fuel marker is Solvent Yellow 124, yellow monoazo dye that is not visible in the fuel with the naked eye. Unlike marker, the dye is added to get visible coloration of the fuel. Diesel fuel coloration is caused by Solvent Blue 35 and heating oil coloration by Solvent Red 19. It is diesel fuel which is the most misused of its application. Blue diesel is used exclusively for agricultural purposes and as such is not taxed. Unlike blue diesel, the diesel used for the transport of vehicles is taxed and its price is higher for 0,4 €/L. Different methods are used to remove dyes and markers from fuels, after which it is illegally sold to consumers at a higher price. The presence of markers and dyes in "laundered" fuel is difficult to determine due to their very low concentrations. In order to determine their presence in such fuel more easily, accurately and precisely, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared, for increasing the selectivity of the extraction and quantification of the colorants in the fuel. Various methods such as Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), adsorption-desorption porosimetry using a BET model for surface analysis, thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and Evolved Gas Analysis-Mass Spectrometry (EGA-MS) have been used to characterize the MIPs. The efficiency of the prepared MIPs was tested on diesel fuel and heating oil model samples and compared with the efficiency of extraction on commercial columns. The basis for further refinement and improvement of molecularly imprinted polymers, for detection of extremely low concentrations of dyes in "laundered" fuel, is laid.

• Keywords: "pranje" goriva; Solvent Yellow 124; Solvent Blue 35; Solvent Red 19; polimeri s otiskom; ekstrakcija čvrstom fazom
• Keywords (english): fuel "laundering"; Solvent Yellow 124; Solvent Blue 35; Solvent Red 19; molecularly imprinted polymers; solid phase extraction
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:586318
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-10-30 12:33:40