Desulfurizacija pirolitičkog ulja iz otpadnih guma

master's thesis

• Title (english): Desulfurization of waste tires pyrolytic oil
• Author: Tina Posedi
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Fabulić-Ruszkowski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Revidirana Direktiva o obnovljivim izvorima energije, tzv. RED 2 Direktiva 2018/2001 jedna je od ključnih direktiva iz paketa Čiste energije. Ona je u Republici Hrvatskoj na snagu stupila 24.12.2018. s obvezujućim ciljem korištenja minimalno 32 % energije iz obnovljivih izvora u 2030. g. S obzirom na visoko postavljene ciljeve, naftna industrija primorana je tražiti nove oblike obnovljivih izvora energije koje će biti moguće koristiti u motornim vozilima. Jedno od mogućih rješenja je iskorištenje otpadnih guma koje predstavljaju najveći problem u automobilskom sektoru jer se ne odlažu ispravno. Gume su izvor energije visoke kvalitete te je razvijeno nekoliko metoda za to iskorištenje. Jedna od tih metoda je piroliza kojom se kao produkt, uz čađu i plin, dobiva pirolitičko ulje. Ulje sadrži visok udio sumpora, dušika, klora i čađe zbog čega ga je, prije upotrebe potrebno pročistiti. Reduciranje sadržaja dušika, klora i smanjenje kiselinskog broja provodi se ekstrakcijom niskotemperaturnim eutektičkim otapalima. U radu je provedeno uklanjanje sumpora korištenjem sumporne, octene i mravlje kiseline te vodikovog peroksida uz adsorpciju različitim adsorbensima. Korištenjem sumporne kiseline smanjio se udio sumpora u pirolitičkom ulju, dok je uz naknadnu adsorpciju došlo do povećanja sumporovih spojeva. Najefikasnijim se pokazao HAc:H2O2 1:4. Taj uzorak je rasfrakcioniran te je laka frakcija (<170 °C) namješana u benzinsko gorivo, a srednja frakcija (170-360 °C) u dizelsko gorivo. Dobivena goriva su okarakterizirana. Provedeni eksperimenti i dobiveni rezultati čine temelj za daljnja ispitivanja s ciljem što većeg iskorištenja otpada u svrhu dobivanja goriva iz obnovljivih izvora energije.

Abstract (english)

Renewable Energy Directive, so called RED II 2018/2001 is one of the key directives of the Clean Energy package. It was put into effect in the Republic of Croatia on December 24th, 2018. By signing it, Croatia became obliged to use minimally 32% of renewable energy by 2030. Due to such ambitious objectives, the oil industry is bound to find new sources of renewable energy that can be used in motor vehicles. One of the possible solutions is using waste tires, which presents the biggest problem in the auto industry because they are not disposed properly. Tires are a source of high-quality energy and several methods have been devised to use them. One of such methods is pyrolysis. Besides carbon black and gas, pyrolysis oil is also a product of pyrolysis. This oil has high content of sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine and carbon black and has to be purified before it can be used. Reduction of nitrogen and chlorine and decrease of acid number is done by extraction with deep eutectic solvents. For the purpose of this thesis, removal of sulphur, was conducted by using acetic and formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with adsorption with different adsorbents. By using sulphuric acid, the level of sulphur in pyrolysis oil was decreased, while subsequent adsorption led to increase of the level of sulphur compounds. HAc:H2O2 1:4 proved to be the most efficient, therefore this sample was fractioned and the fraction with boiling point lower than 170 °C was mixed into petrol fuel, while the fraction with boiling point between 170 and 360 °C was mixed into diesel fuel. The given fuels were characterized. Conducted experiments and given results provide basis for further research with the aim of the biggest possible usage of waste for the purposes of obtaining fuel from renewable energy sources.

• Keywords: biogorivo iz otpada; desulfurizacija; otpadne gume; pirolitičko ulje
• Keywords (english): biofuels; desulfurization; waste tires; pyrolytic oil
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:567325
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-26 22:57:05