Ravnoteža kapljevina-kapljevina u sustavima s butilnim esterima masnih kiselina sintetiziranih iz suncokretovog, repičinog i kokosovog ulja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Liquid-liquid equilibrium in the systems based on fatty acid butyl ester synthesized from sunflower, rapeseed and coconut oil
• Author: Patrik Grahovac
• Mentor: Kristina Zagajski Kučan (mentor)
• Committee member: Kristina Zagajski Kučan (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Šalić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Zadatak ovog rada je eksperimentalno odrediti ravnotežu kapljevina-kapljevina u dvokomponentnim i pseudotrokomponentnim sustavima s butilnim esterima masnih kiselina (eng. fatty acid butyl ester, FABE) sintetiziranih iz suncokretovog, kokosovog i repičinog ulja u svrhu ispitivanja utjecanja sastava biodizela na fazno ponašanje. U sustavima glicerol – voda – FABE, butanol – voda – FABE i voda – glicerol – FABE eksperimentalno je određeno fazno ponašanje koje je prikazano u trokutnim dijagramima odgovarajućim binodalnim krivuljama, ravnotežnim sastavima i veznim linijama. Ravnoteža je određena pri 25 °C i atmosferskom tlaku. Također su izmjerena fizikalno-kemijska svojstva biodizela, viskoznost, gustoća, površinska napetost i tecište. Uz navedena mjerenja, biodizel je ispitan i diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom (eng. differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), te termogravimetrijom (eng. thermogravimetry, TGA). Metodom plinske kromatografije ispitan je sastav biodizela te prisutnost nečistoća i neizreagiranih reaktanata reakcije sinteze. Utvrđena je potpuna mješljivost u dvokomponentnim sustavima voda – glicerol i glicerol – butanol te djelomična mješljivost u sustavu voda – butanol. Također je potvrđena potpuna nemješljivost biodizela s vodom i glicerolom. Sastav biodizela nema utjecaj na fazno ponašanje, već samo na fizikalna svojstva biodizela.

Abstract (english)

The main goal of this work was experimental determination of the liquid-liquid equilibrium in binary and pseudo ternary systems with fatty acid butyl esters (FABE) synthesized from sunflower, coconut and rapeseed oils in order to investigate the influence of biodiesel composition on phase behaviour. In the systems water – butanol – FABE, glycerol – butanol – FABE and water – glycerol – FABE, the phase behaviour was experimentally determined and presented in ternary plots with corresponding binodal curves, equilibrium compositions and tie lines. The equilibrium was determined at 25°C and atmospheric pressure. Additionally, physical and chemical properties of biodiesel, such as viscosity, density, surface tension and pour point were measured. Beside these measurements, biodiesel was also examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA).
The composition of biodiesel, as well as the presence of impurities and unreacted synthesis reactants, were analysed using gas chromatography. Complete miscibility was found in the binary systems water – glycerol and glycerol – butanol, while partial miscibility was found in the system water – butanol. Complete immiscibility of biodiesel with water and glycerol was also confirmed. The composition of biodiesel does not affect phase behaviour, only the physical properties of biodiesel.

• Keywords: transesterifikacija; butilni ester masnih kiselina; ravnoteža kapljevina-kapljevina; binodalna krivulja; ravnotežni sastavi; trokutni dijagram
• Keywords (english): transesterification; fatty acid butyl ester; liquid-liquid equilibrium; binodal curve; equilibrium compositions; ternary plot
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:874143
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-19 11:40:25