Metode predobrade sirovina za proizvodnju biodizela

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Methods for pretreatment of feedstocks in biodiesel production
• Author: Mirna Filakovac
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marica Ivanković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

U današnjem svijetu štetni plinovi koji nastaju izgaranjem fosilnih goriva predstavljaju veliko opterećenje za Zemljin ekosustav i atmosferu. Napori znanstvenika usmjereni su ka rješavanju tog problema i kao jedno od alternativnih rješenja predlažu se su biogoriva, od kojih se najčešće spominje biodizel. Može se koristiti samostalno ili u kombinaciji s dizelskim gorivom u klasičnom dizelskom motoru, uz vrlo male ili nikakve preinake samog motora. Njegove velike prednosti su što nije otrovan, ekološki je prihvatljiv, obnovljiv, biorazgradiv te ne sadrži sumpor poput klasičnih naftnih derivata. Može se dobiti iz obnovljivih izvora kao što su svježa i otpadna biljna ulja i životinjske masti. Međutim, otpadna ulja i masti u sebi sadrže nečistoće, vodu i metale te ih je potrebno ukloniti kako bi bile pogodna sirovina za dobivanje biodizela. U ovom radu istražena je mogućnost uklanjanja nečistoća,vode i metala iz otpadne masti. Otpadna mast pročišćavana je procesima adsorpcije i ekstrakcije. Adsorpcija je provođena pomoću dva adsorbensa na bazi bentonita, a ekstrakcija pomoću odabranih eutektičkih otapala i ionskih kapljevina. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata odabrani su najbolji adsorpcijski uvjeti te najučinkovitije otapalo za ekstrakciju nečistoća, vode i metala iz otpadne masti.

Abstract (english)

In the world today, harmful gases formed by fossil fuel combustion are a major burden on the Earth's ecosystem and atmosphere. Efforts of numerous scientists have been directed towards solving this problem. Biofuels are among the alternative solutions proposed, with biodiesel being the most widely used. It can be used independently or combined with diesel fuel in a classic diesel engine, either with minor or without any modification of the engine itself. Among its many benefits, the biodiesel is mostly known for being non-toxic, environmentally friendly, renewable, biodegradable and unlike traditional fossil fuels – it doesn't contain sulphur. Biodiesel can be produced from renewable resources such as fresh and waste vegetable oils and animal fats. However, waste oils and fats contain impurities, water and metals and they have to be purified to make a good raw material for biodiesel synthesis. In this work, the possibility of removing impurities, water and metals from waste fat has been investigated. Waste fat was refined with adsorption and extraction processes. Adsorption has been carried out using two adsorbens based on bentonite and extraction has been carried out using selected deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids. The best process conditions for adsoption and most effective solvent for extraction of impurities, water and metals from waste fat were selected based on the obtained results.

• Keywords: adsorpcija; biodizel; ekstrakcija; pročišćavanje; otpadne životinjske masti
• Keywords (english): adsorption; biodiesel; extraction; purification; waste animal fats
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:391600
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-18 12:15:57