Ekstrakcija ulja iz biljaka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Extraction of oils from plants
• Author: Marija Rimac
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Tomašić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

Proces ekstrakcije se često koristi u kemijskoj i farmaceutskoj, a nešto rjeđe u prehrambenoj industriji. U ovom radu je opisano dobivanje ulja iz sjemena oraha, lješnjaka, badema i suncokreta, i to sirovina domaćeg i industrijskog porijekla. Proces se odvijao pomoću Soxhletovog ekstraktora, koristeći organska otapala n-heksan i n-heptan. Iako je prinos na ulju prilikom ekstrakcije otapalom veći nego kod drugih postupaka dobivanja ulja, kao što su centrifugiranje i prešanje, ona se nešto rjeđe koristi zbog lošijih ekoloških karakteristika. Cilj samog rada je bio utvrditi efikasnost same ekstrakcije ovisno o vrsti, porijeklu sirovine, korištenom otapalu te vremenu trajanja procesa. Ekstrahiranom ulju je određena gustoća i viskoznost. Eksperimentom se n-heksan pokazao kao bolje otapalo u većini slučajeva. Uzorci domaćeg uzgoja su sadržavali nešto manje ulja od uzoraka industrijskog porijekla, ali je određivanjem udjela slobodnih masnih kiselina utvrđeno da su oni bolje kvalitete. Proces ekstrakcije je u prosjeku je trajao 20, do maksimalnih 30 minuta.

Abstract (english)

The extraction process is often used in chemical and pharmaceutical industry, and less frequently in the food industry. This work describes the production of walnut, hazelnut, almond and sunflower seed oil, which is a raw material of domestic and industrial origin. The process was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor and organic solvents n-hexane and n-heptane. Although the oil yield when extracted with a solvent is higher than other oil recovery processes, such as cold pressing and centrifugation, it is less commonly used because of its bad environmental impact. The aim of this work was to determine the efficiency of extraction depending on type, origin of the raw material, the solvent used and the process duration. Density and viscosity of extracted oils were measured. The experiment resulted with n-hexane as better solvent in most cases. Domestic samples contained slightly less oil than samples of industrial origin, but by determining the proportion of free fatty acids they were found to be of better quality. The extraction process lasted between 20 and 30 minutes.

• Keywords: bademovo ulje; lješnjakovo ulje; orahovo ulje; Soxhletova ekstrakcija; suncokretovo ulje
• Keywords (english): almond oil; hazelnut oil; walnut oil; Soxhlet extraction; sunflower oil
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:807997
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-06-24 09:57:10