Određivanje ekotoksičnosti ksenobiotika prisutnih u okolišu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Determination of ecotoxicity of xenobiotics present in the environment
• Author: Karlo Grgurević
• Mentor: Dajana Kučić Grgić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Ocelić Bulatović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-08, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

U današnje vrijeme, zbog brzog rasta broja stanovništva dolazi i do sve veće ljudske potražnje za brojnim organskim i anorganskim tvarima. Velika proizvodnja farmaceutika, pesticida, proizvoda za osobnu njegu i dr. zahtjeva zbrinjavanje velike količine otpadnih tvari. Iako postoje uspješni načini zbrinjavanja otpada, uslijed rada metabolizma živih bića te nekontrolirane ljudske aktivnosti, u okoliš svakodnevno dospijevaju brojne sintetske tvari u vrlo niskim koncentracijama. Budući da u okoliš dospijevaju antropogenim putem, te tvari nazivamo ksenobioticima. Nažalost, zbog toga što se u okolišu i nalaze u vrlo malim koncentracijama, često se dugo zadržavaju u okolišu, a mogu imati jaki ekotoksičan učinak na pojedine članove ekosustava. Ovim se radom ispituje upravo njihov negativan učinak na pojedine mikroorganizme, kako bi se utvrdila njihova prava štetnost i kako bi se potencijalno našao način njihova zbrinjavanja. Ksenobiotici ispitivani u ovom radu su farmaceutici diklofenak i pantoprazol radnih koncentracija od 0,125 mg L^-1, 0,5 mg L^-1, 2 mg L^-1, 8 mg L^-1 i 16 mg L^-1. Ispitivane su i njihove smjese u omjerima diklofenaka i pantoprazola 1:1, 1:2 i 2:1 kako bi se odredilo njihovo međudjelovanje. Mikroorganizmi na kojima su se testovi provodili su morska bakterija Vibrio fischeri, bakterija Pseudomonas putida, mikroalga Chlorella sp. i kvasac Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rezultati su pokazali kako čisti ksenobiotici, kao i njihove smjese imaju snažan ekotoksikološki utjecaj na Vibrio fischeri i Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dok čisti diklofenak negativno utječe na samo 5% populacije Pseudomonas putida s efektivnom koncentracijom od 9,3 mg L^-1 te na 5% populacije Chlorella sp. s efektivnom koncentracijom od 0,8 mg L^-1.

Abstract (english)

Nowadays, due to the rapid growth of the population, there is an increasing human demand for numerous organic and inorganic substances. Large-scale production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products and the like requires the disposal of a large amount of waste. Although there are successful ways of disposing the waste, as a result of the metabolism of living beings, as well as the uncontrolled human activity, numerous synthetic substances in very low concentrations reach the environment every day. Since they reach the environment anthropogenically, these substances are called xenobiotics. Unfortunately, due to the fact that they are found in the environment in very small concentrations, they often remain in the environment for a long time, and can have a strong ecotoxic effect on individual members of the ecosystem. This study examines their negative effect on individual microorganisms, in order to determine their true harmfulness and to potentially find a way of their disposal. The xenobiotics tested in this work are pharmaceuticals diclofenac and pantoprazole, with working concentrations of 0.125 mg L^-1, 0.5 mg L^-1, 2 mg L^-1, 8 mg L^-1 and 16 mg L^-1. Their mixtures were also tested in diclofenac and pantoprazole ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 to determine their interaction. The microorganisms on which the tests were carried out were marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, bacteria Pseudomonas putida, microalgae Chlorella sp. and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that pure xenobiotics, as well as their mixtures, have a strong ecotoxicological impact on Vibrio fischeri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while pure diclofenac has a fatal effect on only 5% of the population of Pseudomonas putida with an effective concentration of 9.3 mg L^-1 and on 5% of the population Chlorella sp. with an effective concentration of 0.8 mg L^-1.

• Keywords: ksenobiotik; mikroorganizmi; diklofenak; pantoprazol; međudjelovanje
• Keywords (english): xenobiotic; microorganisms; diclofenac; pantoprazole; interaction
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:122607
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-02 07:56:36