Uklanjanje amonijakalnog dušika iz procjednih voda odlagališta otpada fizikalno-kemijskim postupcima

master's thesis

• Title (english): Removal of ammonium from landfill leachate using physico-chemical processes
• Author: Toni Jovanović
• Mentor: Hrvoje Kušić (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Kušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lončarić Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Šime Ukić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-01-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Environmental Protection in Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Procjedne vode odlagališta otpada spadaju među najonečišćenije otpadne vode i mogu imati značajan štetan učinak na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. Stoga je nužna njihova obrada s ciljem uklanjanja prisutnih štetnih tvari i smanjenja njihovih koncentracija na razine prihvatljive za okoliš. Zakonska regulativa iz područja okoliša nameće kriterije vezane za dizajn samo odlagališta i ispuštanje procjedne vode. Trenutno nema univerzalnog postupka za sve procjedne vode. Specifična rješenja su potrebna za svaku procjednu vodu, ovisno o njenim karakteristikama. Prisutnost visokih koncentracija amonijakalnog dušika (NH3-N) u procjednim vodama odlagališta tijekom dugih vremenskih perioda je jedan od glavnih problema s kojim se suočavaju na odlagalištima otpada. Za uklanjanje NH3-N primjenjuje se nekoliko tehnologija obrada, koje uključuju: taloženje, koagulaciju, anaerobno uklanjanje amonijaka, membranske tehnologije, stripiranje i dr. U ovom radu korišten je fizikalno kemijski proces kemijskog taloženja uz pomoć gašenog vapna, koji je slijedno kombiniran sa postupkom karbonizacije, s ciljem uklanjanja amonijakalnog dušika. Uklanjanje amonijakalnog dušika nakon ovog procesa je bilo 100%-tno, te je postignuto znatno snižavanje drugih vrijednosti većine bitnih pokazatelja važnih za sigurno ispuštanje obrađene vode u okoliš prema zakonskim normama. Testovima sa korištenjem CO2 i sumpornom kiselinom u svrhu reguliranja pH vrijednosti potvrđeno je važnost iste za provedeni postupak. Utvrđena su tri mehanizma uklanjanja NH3-N: adsorbiranje u talog, transformacija u ureu te njeno taloženje, i prevođenje u plin amonijak, dok je ovaj potonji najodgovorniji za postignute rezultate.

Abstract (english)

Landfills leachates are one of the most polluted waste waters and they may have a significantly bad impact on human health and environment. That is why the processing is needed and lowering their concentration on acceptable levels for the environment. The regulations from environment bodies only give restrictions based on design of landfills themselves and discharging leachate. Currently, there is no universal procedure for all leachates. Specific solutions are needed for every type of leachate water, depending on its characteristics. The presence of high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) in landfill leachate during long periods of time is one of the main problems that landfills are faced with. For removal of NH3-N, a couple of technologies are used, they include: precipitation, coagulation, anaerobic removal of ammonia, membrane technologies, stripping etc. In this thesis, the physical-chemical process of chemical precipitation is used with the asistance of hydrated lime, which was combined with the procedure of carbonization, with goal of removing ammoniacal nitrogen. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen after this process was 100% successful, and there was a significant lowering of other values critical for safely discharging processed leachate into the environment following the given law regulations. Testing with the usage of CO2 and sulfuric acid for the purpose of regulating pH values, the importance of the given method was visible. Three mechanisms of removing NH3-N were given: adsorbing into precipitate, transforming into urea and its precipitation, and lastly volatilization into ammonia gas, which was the most important one for achieving this results.

• Keywords: odlagalište otpada; procjedne vode; otpadne vode; uklanjanje amonijakalnog dušika
• Keywords (english): landfill; leachate; waste waters; removal of ammoniacal nitrogen
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:170195
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Graduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije (magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-03-22 14:12:13