Karakterizacija sirove naftenske nafte "Križ"

master's thesis

• Title (english): Characterization of "Križ" crude oil
• Author: Franko Palčić
• Mentor: Ante Jukić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirela Leskovac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Chemical Engineering in Material Development

Abstract

Provedena je karakterizacija sirove nafte „Križ“ i naftalana kako bi se istražila mogućnost korištenja navedene sirove nafte kao sirovine za proizvodnju naftalana. Karakterizacija je provedena određivanjem osnovnih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava normiranim metodama te uz pomoć termogravimetrijske analize, NMR i FTIR spektroskopije. Karakterizacijom sirove nafte „Križ“, utvrđeno je da se radi o teškoj, srednjesumpornoj nafti s velikim udjelom vezane vode. Naftalan je definiran kao vakuumski destilat s rasponom vrelišta od 380 do 500 °C te molarnim udjelom aromatskih ugljikovodika od 12,9 % prema normi ASTM D6591. Atmosferskom i vakuumskom destilacijom dobivene su naftne frakcije te su analizirane različitim metodama kako bi se utvrdilo koje su prikladne za proizvodnju naftalana. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja utvrđeno je da je potrebno koristiti vakuumsku destilaciju s frakcijskom kolonom za dobivanje naftne frakcije pogodne za proizvodnju naftalana. Provedena je analiza sterana u sirovoj nafti i u dvjema vakuumskim frakcijama raspona vrelišta od 370 do 460 °C te je potvrđeno da su sterani prisutni u sirovoj nafti kao i u izabranim naftnim frakcijama. Obje frakcije su bogate naftenskim biomarkerskim komponentama, ali ovisno o području destilacije, različite vrste sterana su prisutne u različitim odnosima. Provedena je adsorpcija naftalana na aluminijevom oksidu i aktivnom ugljenu kako bi se istražila mogućnost uklanjanja polarnih hetero-organskih spojeva i aromatskih ugljikovodika. Određivanjem fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava uzoraka dobivenih adsorpcijom procijenjena je učinkovitost adsorpcije kao metode uklanjanja neželjenih spojeva. Boljim adsorbensom pokazao se aluminijev oksid zbog svog bazičnog karaktera. Dokazano je da u naftalanu većinu aromatskih ugljikovodika čine monoaromati. Maksimalno postignuto smanjenje molarnog udjela monoaromata iznosi 24,80 % te ukupnih aromata 28,45 %. Također, utvrđeno je da veći afinitet prema adsorbensu imaju polarni hetero-organski spojevi od monoaromata.

Abstract (english)

The characterization of crude oil "Kriz" and naphtalane was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using this crude oil as a source for naphtalane production. Characterization of basic physical-chemical properties was carried out by standardized methods and additionally with the help of thermogravimetric analysis, NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. By the characterization of crude oil "Kriz", it is established that it is a heavy, medium-sulfur crude oil with a high water content (8.0 wt %). Naftalan is a vacuum distillate with a boiling point range between 380 to 500 °C and contains 12.9 mol % of aromatic hydrocarbons according to ASTM D6591. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation produced oil fractions were analyzed by various methods to determine the suitable one to produce naphtalane. Based on the results of the study, it has been found that a vacuum fractionation with a fractional column for obtaining a crude oil fraction suitable for naphtalane production is required. The analysis of sterane in crude oil and in two vacuum fractions with boiling range between 370 and 460 °C was conducted and it is confirmed that steranes are present in crude oil as well as in both selected oil fractions. Mentioned fractions are rich in naphthenic biomarker compounds, but depending on the distillation range, different types of steranes are present in different ratios. Adsorption of naphthalene on aluminum oxide and activated carbon was conducted to investigate the possibility of removing polar hetero-organic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons. By determination of the physical-chemical properties of obtained samples after adsorption, the adsorption efficiency was evaluated as a method of eliminating unwanted compounds. Aluminum oxide is better adsorbent due to its alkaline character. It has been determined that most of the aromatic hydrocarbon in naftalan are monoaromatics. The maximum achieved reduction of the molar amount of the monoaromatics is 24.80 % and the total aromatics is 28.45 %. It has also been found that higher affinity to the adsorbent has polar hetero-organic compounds than monoaromatics.

• Keywords: sirova nafta; naftalan; karakterizacija nafte; frakcioniranje nafte; karakterizacija naftnih frakcija; TGA; NMR; FTIR; HPLC; uklanjanje aromata adsorpcijom
• Keywords (english): crude oil; naphtalane; crude oil characterization; crude oil fractionation; characterization of crude oil fractions; TGA; NMR; FTIR; HPLC; removal of aromatics by adsorption
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:674043
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Graduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Advanced materials and technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije (magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-04-29 14:12:59