Primjena niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala i nanosuspenzija u separaciji fenolnih spojeva iz komine masline

master's thesis

• Title (english): Application of deep eutectic solvents and nanosuspensions for separation of phenolic compounds from olive pomace
• Author: Anela Udovčić
• Mentor: Jasna Prlić Kardum (mentor)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

Komina masline, poznata kao otpad koji zaostaje nakon obrade masline, predstavlja značajnu opasnost za okoliš. Prisutna je najčešće u Mediteranskim zemljama koje klimatski pogoduju uzgoju maslina. Komina sadrži znatnu koncentraciju fenolnih spojeva, lipida i organskih kiselina, koji se tijekom vremena pretvaraju u fitotoksičan materijal, koji predstavlja ključan problem za okoliš. S druge strane, komina masline sadrži vrijedne nutritivne komponente koje se mogu izdvojiti i upotrijebiti za potrebe farmaceutske industrije i u medicini. Prethodna istraživanja su pokazala da je komina masline vrijedan izvor snažnih antioksidansa zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju fenolnih spojeva. Njihova sposobnost vezanja slobodnih radikala ima pozitivan učinak na ljudsko zdravlje. Primjena eutektičkih otapala nameće se kao jedno od potencijalnih rješenja za poboljšanje učinkovitosti procesa ekstrakcije, dok istodobno zadovoljava načela zelene kemije primjenom sigurnih, ne hlapljivih, ne toksičnih i obnovljivih otapala. Nova, dizajnirana eutektička otapala, pokazala su veću učinkovitost u ekstrakciji biološki aktivnih komponenti u odnosu na ekstrakciju koja se odvila u konvencionalnim otapalima ili vodi. U ovom radu ispitana je primjenjivost i prednost niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala i nanosuspenzije u separaciji fenolnih spojeva u odnosu na konvencionalna otapala, te poboljšanja u samom procesu separacije koja je pri tome moguće ostvariti. Prikazani su rezultati ekstrakcije fenolnih spojeva iz komine masline, određeno je optimalno vrijeme trajanja procesa ekstrakcije i najučinkovitiji načini miješanja. S prirodnim niskotemperaturnim eutektičkim otapalom, koje se pokazalo najdjelotvornije za ekstrakciju fenolnih spojeva, pripremljena je stabilna nanosuspenzija kako bi se pokušalo postići dodatno poboljšanje prijenosa tvari tijekom procesa što je i ostvareno nakon uklanjanja uljne faze iz komine.

Abstract (english)

Olive cake, known as waste produced after olive processing, pose significant environmental hazards. It is mostly generated in Mediterranean countries that climaticly favor olives growing. Olive cake contains a significant concentration of phenolic compounds, lipids and organic acids, which eventually convert to phytotoxic material, are the main environmental issue. On the other hand, olive cake contains valuable nutritional components that can be extracted and used in medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Previous studies have shown that olive cake is an excellent source of powerful antioxidants due to its high content of phenolic compounds. Their ability to capture free radicals generally has positive effects on a human health. Application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) can be a potential solution for improving the efficiency of extraction process, which satisfies the principles of green chemistry by using safe, non-volatile, non-toxic and renewable solvents. Comparisons of extraction with conventional solvents and new, designed solvents DESs have shown higher efficiency in extracting biologically active compounds, or extraction in water. This study examines the applicability and the advantage of low-temperatured eutectic solvents and nanosuspensions in the separation of phenolic compounds, compared to conventional solvents, and improvements in the separation process that can be achieved. This study shows results of phenols extraction from olive cake, optimal extraction time and the most effective mixing. With a natural low - temperatured eutectic solvent, which proved to be the most effective for phenolic compounds extraction, a stable nanosuspension was prepared in order to improve the mass transfer during the process which was achieved after removing the oil phase out of olive pomace.

• Keywords: ekstrakcija; fenolni spojevi; komina masline; nanosuspenzije; niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala
• Keywords (english): extraction; phenolic compounds; olive cake; nanosuspensions; low-temperatured eutectic solvents
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:659038
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-06-02 09:59:29