Biogoriva treće generacije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Third generation biofuels
• Author: Viktorija Vučko
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-05, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

Suvremeni stil života podrazumijeva sve veću upotrebu energije u svrhu povećanja učinkovitosti i komfora, što rezultira povećanom potrošnjom energije. U drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća dolazi do tehnološkog razvoja što rezultira i porastom potrošnje energije. Ubrzani tehnološki razvoj dovodi do razvoja industrije i povećane uporabe fosilnih goriva. To je dovelo do povećane emisije štetnih plinova u okoliš, te do ozbiljnih ekoloških problema kao što su onečišćenje tla, vode, zraka i globalnih klimatskih promjena. Ekološki problemi i ograničenost fosilnih goriva rezultiralo je povećanom potrebom za obnovljivim izvorima energije koji u jednom dijelu trebaju zamijeniti energiju iz fosilnih izvora. Time su se počela razvijati biogoriva među kojima se najviše ističe biodizel. Najčešće sirovine za proizvodnju biodizela su biljna ulja, no danas se počinju koristiti i druge sirovine kao što su otpadne masti i ulja. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti mogućnosti dobivanja biodizela iz ulja morskih algi, otpadnih životinjskih masti i otpadnog taloga kave. Procesom ekstrakcije ili otapanjem se dobije ulje ili mast koja se koristi kao sirovina za dobivanje biodizela. Biodizel se dobiva procesom transesterifikacije uz lužnati odnosno kiseli katalizator, a zatim se pročišćuje procesom ekstrakcije kojim se uklanja sav zaostali glicerol u biodizelu. Dobiveni biodizel karakterizira se analitičkim metodama (FTIR i NMR analiza).

Abstract (english)

Modern lifestyle implies increased use of energy in order to achieve high efficiency and comfort. Technological development during the second half of the 20th century resulted with increased consumption of energy. Fast technological development leads to development of the industry and increased use of fossil fuels. That led to increased emissions of harmful gasses into the environment and serious ecological problems such as contamination of soil, water, air and global climate changes. Ecological problems and a limited amount of fossil fuels results with increased need for renewable energy sources which need to replace current energy sources obtained from fossil fuels. That leads to development of biofuels and biodiesel which is most important of them. Biodiesel is most commonly produced from vegetable oils, but today same other raw materials are used. The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of biodiesel production from marine microalgae oils, waste animal fats and waste coffee residue. Oil used for the production of biodiesel was obtained by leaching from coffee residue and microalgae or by rendering the waste animal fats. Biodiesel is obtained through transesterification with a base or acid catalyst. Biodiesel is then purified by means of extraction, resulting with removal of almost all of the residual glycerol. Final purified biodiesel is then characterized by means of FTIR and 1H NMR analysis.

• Keywords: biodizel; biogoriva; energija; štetni plinovi; transesterifikacija
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; biofuels; energy; harmful gases; transesterification
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:955961
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-01-08 12:38:37